Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area

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Attachment Cost of Living in the Ring of Fire Final Report

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Swift Creek Consulting
  • Reference number: 263
  • Submitted: 2026-04-29 - 5:06 PM
  • Updated: 2026-05-27 - 11:28 AM
  • Rationale: Comment updated at the author's request
  • Final report on the cost of living in First Nations communities in the Ring of Fire region.  Suggested citation: Joseph, C., D. Waugh, and D. O’Gorman, 2026. Cost-of-living in First Nations Communities in the Ring of Fire Region of Northern Ontario. Report for Regional Assessment Working Group. Swift Creek Consulting, Squamish, BC. 102 pp. A companion video has been made capturing key content of this report. The video is viewable at the following link: https://youtu.be/g-ZGg5ifny4. The video is not public or searchable on YouTube, but anyone with the link can watch it.
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  • Cost-of-living in First Nations Communities in the Ring of Fire Region of Northern Ontario A Report for the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG) April 29, 2026 (Minor corrections made May 25, 2026) Swift Creek Consulting with the assistance of 7 Point 7 Research Sapo’nuk Sustainability Swift Creek Consulting et al. 2026. Ring of Fire: Cost-of-Living i Suggested Citation Joseph, C., D. Waugh, and D. O’Gorman, 2026. Cost-of-living in First Nations Communities in the Ring of Fire Region of Northern Ontario. Report for Regional Assessment Working Group. Swift Creek Consulting, Squamish, BC. 102 pp. Summary With the prospect of billions of dollars of investment in mining and roads and other infrastructure in the Ring of Fire region, the high costs of living are squarely in focus for community members of the region – a mostly Indigenous population across more than a dozen First Nations communities. Understandably, people in the region cannot stomach the thought of billions spent on mines and comfortable work camps for mine workers and one’s own community having to continue to deal with numerous serious challenges. This report and accompanying video attempt to bring together and capture the multiple, interwoven dimensions of the high cost-of-living in remote communities in the Ring of Fire region, to support and inform the Regional Assessment of the Ring of Fire. In our study for the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG), composed of delegates from 15 First Nations communities and staff of the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada, completed over the December 2025 to April 2026 time period, we gathered research ...

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Attachment ORA Comments on the Interim Regional Assessment for the Ring of Fire (Kawana ‘Bi’ Kag)

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Ontario Rivers Alliance
  • Reference number: 260
  • Submitted: 2026-04-14 - 2:01 PM
  • The Ontario Rivers Alliance is grateful for this opportunity to comment on the Interim Regional Assessment for the Ring of Fire (Kawana ‘Bi’ Kag).  
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  • 379 Ronka Road Worthington, ON P0M3H0 LindaH@OntarioRiversAlliance.ca OntarioRiversAlliance.ca “A World of Healthy River Ecosystems” 14 April 2026 Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area Impact Assessment Agency of Canada 160 Elgin Street, 22nd floor Ottawa, Ontario K8A 0H3 Filed Online Re: Interim Regional Assessment for the Ring of Fire (Kawana ‘Bi’ Kag) Reference No. 80468 Dear IAAC Team: The Ontario Rivers Alliance (ORA) is a not-for-profit grassroots organization with a mission to protect, conserve, and restore Ontario rivers. ORA advocates for effective policy and legislation to ensure that development affecting Ontario rivers is environmentally and socially sustainable. Executive Summary: The Ring of Fire Regional Assessment (Regional Assessment) is fundamentally undermined by a critical flaw: it has no binding authority over project approvals. At the same time, the federal government has already declined to conduct an Impact Assessment for a major mining project in the region, demonstrating that development is proceeding ahead of the science. The report itself confirms that baseline environmental data are insufficient and must be established before development. Yet there is no requirement to pause approvals until this work is complete. This is a known failure in environmental assessment practice—projects proceed, impacts occur, and baseline conditions are never properly understood. While an online public information session was held on March 11, 2026, the process still relies on centralized in-person sessions and does not clearly guarantee accessible virtual participation at every key stage. Meaningful consultation in a region of ...

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Attachment Development Scenario Mapping Final Report

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Firelight
  • Reference number: 255
  • Submitted: 2026-04-01 - 11:10 AM
  • This report presents scenarios of plausible future development in the Ring of Fire (ROF) Regional Assessment Area, including associated mapping products. This report was submitted by Firelight to the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG), which they may modify further according to their needs. These scenarios were developed to support the RAWG in identifying and describing how development may occur across the region under different conditions and over multiple timeframes. As described in the ROF Regional Assessment (RA) Terms of Reference, the identification of development scenarios supports the assessment of potential effects and the development of recommendations. Disclaimer: The scenarios discussed by in the Regional Assessment are evolving and are not to be understood as agreed-upon community objectives for the Kawana ‘Bi 'Kag/ Biiwaapiko'kaning" /Kahwanna Bay Yak assessment area. The discussion or depictions of development projects and activities do not constitute any form of endorsement or consent for any development activities in the region.
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  • 1 Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Development Scenario Mapping Final Report Regional Assessment Working Group March 31, 2026 Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Scenario Framework 2 Overview This report presents scenarios of plausible future development in the Ring of Fire (ROF) Regional Assessment Area, including associated mapping products. These scenarios have been developed to support the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG) in identifying and describing how development may occur across the region under different conditions and over multiple timeframes. As described in the ROF Regional Assessment (RA) Terms of Reference, the identification of development scenarios supports the assessment of potential effects and the development of recommendations. The development scenarios were informed by base mapping, review of available data and literature, and scenario-planning discussions held with the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG) between March 2025 and February 2026. A participatory scenario matrix approach was used to define four contrasting scenarios based on two key dimensions: Indigenous Governance and Development Pressure. These dimensions form the axes of a 2×2 matrix that generates four contrasting scenarios: • Scenario 1: Indigenous-Led Planning – Strong Indigenous governance and low development pressure, with First Nations guiding land use, stewardship, and community- based development. • Scenario 2: Gradual Change – Low development pressure and limited Indigenous governance, resulting in slow, uneven growth and ongoing community service, infrastructure, and governance gaps. • Scenario 3: Co-Governed Growth – High development ...

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Attachment Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Preliminary Scenario Framework – Draft for Discussion

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Firelight
  • Reference number: 248
  • Submitted: 2026-01-19 - 5:49 PM
  • Updated: 2026-01-20 - 1:43 PM
  • Rationale: Comment updated at the author's request
  • This document presents the preliminary scenario framework for the Ring of Fire (ROF) Regional Assessment (RA) and describes the methods and processes used to develop it. Firelight is completing this work at the direction of the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG). At the time of preparing this document, the scenario mapping methodology, draft maps, and  summary of limitations, challenges, and opportunities are preliminary. Firelight and the RAWG continue to collaborate on next steps for this work.
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  • 1 Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Preliminary Scenario Framework – Draft for Discussion Prepared by Firelight for the Regional Assessment Working Group January 20, 2026 Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Preliminary Scenario Framework 2 Overview This document presents the preliminary scenario framework for the Ring of Fire (ROF) Regional Assessment (RA) and describes the methods and process used to develop it. Firelight is completing this work at the direction of the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG). At the time of preparing this document, the scenario mapping methodology, draft maps, and summary of limitations, challenges, and opportunities are preliminary. Firelight and the RAWG continue to collaborate on next steps for this work. The framework integrates information from base mapping, literature review, and scenario- planning discussions held RAWG in March, June, October, and November 2025. Using a participatory scenario-matrix approach, the project team identified Indigenous Governance and Development Pressure as the two most influential and uncertain dimensions shaping plausible regional futures. These dimensions form the axes of a 2×2 matrix that generates four contrasting draft scenarios: • Scenario 1: Indigenous-Led Planning – With moderate development pressures and strong Indigenous governance, Nations guide land-use decisions, stewardship approaches, and community-defined economic activities based on their governance systems and priorities. • Scenario 2: Co-Governed Growth – Strong market demand aligns with strong Indigenous governance, resulting in managed development that proceeds under shared governance, negotiated conditions, and ...

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Attachment RAWG Timmins mtg 27mar25 scenarios deck1 and RAWG Thunder Bay mtg 24-25june25 scenarios deck2

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Dr. Robert, B. Gibson
  • Reference number: 236
  • Submitted: 2025-12-17 - 10:26 PM
  • Updated: 2026-01-05 - 8:54 AM
  • Rationale: Comment updated at the author's request
  • The two slide decks are copies of presentations to the Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Working Group. Both decks concern the nature, development and use of possible future scenarios, including in the Ring of Fire Regional Assessment. The second deck includes more specifics about application to future possibilities for the Ring of Fire region.  Deck 1 was presented at the RAWG meeting in Timmins on 27 March 2025. Deck 2 was presented at the RAWG meeting in Thunder Bay on 24-25 June 2025.  
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  • Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Working Group Thunder Bay, 24-26 June 2025 Initial scenarios for the Ring of Fire Regional Assessment: considerations and options Lake sturgeon (Toledo Blade photo) Robert Gibson Peter Siebenmorgen RAWG Scenario Development Discussions 1 Regional Assessment agenda on scenarios (in Terms of Reference) • identify potential development scenarios (not predictions) with different development intensities and timeframes up to 150 years • identify potential effects • compare scenarios in light of regional and community priorities • consider implications for o steps to start taking now o collaborative regional governance structures to build RAWG 2 What possible future scenarios to develop? • actual futures not predictable – too many possibilities and influencing factors • can depict possible futures using existing knowledge and experience elsewhere: • 15, 30, 60 years … to seven generations (beyond mining) • no, low, medium, high intensity industrial development • also irregular development, boom and bust periods (perhaps most common) • can’t develop scenarios for all these possibilities in much detail • need to set some priorities Harry Papah 3 SCENARIOS under Consideration/ TIMEFRAMES 15 YEARS 30 YEARS 60 YEARS 7 GENERATIONS (150 YRS+) NO Major Mineral Developments (limited if any industrial-scale disturbances, only community-focused activities and projects; null option to be considered within analysis) *Activity/development assumptions to be discussed and considered by RAWG at all time horizons, but especially for projecting longer timescales LOWER Intensity of Possible Developments (e.g., community road access and a possible ...
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  • Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Working Group Timmins, 27 March 2025 Scenarios for the Ring of Fire Regional Assessment Wolves and Moose of Isle Royale Project Robert Gibson RAWG Scenario Development Workshop 1 Scenarios in Regional Assessment Terms of Reference • “Identify potential development scenarios in the assessment area, with attention to different development intensities (e.g. status quo, low, moderate, high) and timeframes, and analyze the development scenarios to understand the potential impacts” (section 6) • apply the assessment priorities set out in section 7 • see also final report contents in annex 2 RAWG 2 Regional Assessment priorities for considering future scenarios (in final ToR) section 7: assessment priorities for analysing scenarios, including • To be well together (Community wellbeing) • Cultural and spiritual wellbeing • Social and Economic Equity • Healthy Environment Relationships RAWG 3 Scenario purposes – depict possible futures and their potential effects 1. depict possible futures, including ones with or without - mines, roads, power projects, related activities (more exploration, services, jobs, revenues, etc.) 2. anticipate their potential effects - desirable futures to aim for - undesirable futures to avoid - uncertainties to respect - dependencies or foundations for diverse new options - positive or negative long-term legacies Harry Papah 4 Scenario purposes – depict possible futures and their potential effects 3. determine implications for - benefits and risks for communities - planning future projects - protecting lands and waters - future decision making - needs for new o capacities o ...

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Attachment Submission from WWF Canada to the Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of World Wildlife Fund
  • Reference number: 240
  • Submitted: 2025-11-27 - 8:47 AM
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
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  • Appendix A: Information and Data for Assessment Priority: Healthy environment relationships Description Holder and Availability Format Limitations or Restrictions National carbon map for Canada Authored by: Sothe et al. (2022) Open Access, peer reviewed version: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GB007 213 Overview website available online at: https://wwf.ca/carbonmap/ Executive summary PDF available online at: https://wwf.ca/wp- content/uploads/2022/02/2022- WWF_Carbon_Mapping_Executive_Summary_FINAL.pdf Datasets available online at: https://data.4tu.nl/collections/ae12a267-9ad3-4d86-98bc- 7f462552fc55/5 Open access, publicly available Peat depth and carbon storage of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada Authored by: Li et al. (2025) Peer reviewed, open access article available online at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2024GL 110679 Related radio show (YouTube): https://www.linkedin.com/posts/wwf-canada_youll-be- speechless-when-you-first-go-to-activity- 7366880264582557696- 0WiG?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm =ACoAACqIH2EBs1r5KII5rZ1WgOaq37sNAUGOHtM Open access, publicly available Resources for community-led carbon measurement and sampling design tools WWF-Canada Available online at: https://wwf.ca/carbon-measurement/ Overview webpage and video resources Open access, publicly available Living Planet Report Canada 2025: Wildlife at Home Currie et al. (2025). Overview available online at: https://wwf.ca/lprc2025/ PDF report: https://wwf.ca/wp- content/uploads/2025/09/WWF_LPRC_Report.pdf Open access, publicly available, contains Indigenous ...
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  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area Public Call for Information and Data As part of the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area, the Working Group leading the assessment is seeking information and data to support the meaningful conduct of the Regional Assessment. This work will focus on scenario development and community studies to better understand current and potential future effects of development in the Ring of Fire area. Context In February 2020, the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada (Minister) announced a regional assessment (RA) is to be completed, centered on the “Ring of Fire” area. An RA process was launched in January 2023, co-led by 15 First Nation Partners and the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (IAAC). For more information, please see: Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area. The Regional Assessment will: • gather information and data on the region; • understand potential effects from past, existing and future development in the Ring of Fire area, including cumulative and interactive effects; • inform future impact assessments; and • identify and provide recommendations on how the potential effects may best be managed to avoid adverse consequences, enhance positive ones and how this should happen. Assessment Priorities Assessment Priorities were identified by the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG) and represent key environmental, health, social, cultural and economic conditions that may be affected due to development activities and interacting cumulative effects. They reflect the priorities and values of First Nation Partners and the jurisdictions of the federal government, and include social, environmental, health, ...

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Attachment Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area - Federal Author Advice Record Request for Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada - Évaluation régionale dans la région du Cercle de feu - Fiche d'information des autorités fédérales pour Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Cana

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
  • Reference number: 214
  • Submitted: 2025-11-20 - 11:32 AM
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
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  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area August 20, 2025 Federal Authority Advice Record Response requested to regionalrof-cdfregionale@iaac-aeic.gc.ca by September 12, 2025 In providing your responses to the items below, please include any relevant information on associated Indigenous, public or other consultation or engagement activities and identify any partners or collaborations. 1. MANDATE AND AREA(S) OF EXPERTISE Clearly outline the mandate of your department or agency and detail your area(s) of responsibility or expertise that may be related to the regional assessment • Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) helps Canadian businesses grow, innovate and expand so they can create good-quality jobs and wealth for Canadians. It also supports science research and the integration of scientific considerations into investment and policy choices. The Department also works to position Canada as a global centre for innovation where investments support clean and inclusive growth, the middle class prospers through more job opportunities and companies become global leaders. • ISED's efforts focus on improving conditions for investment, supporting science, helping businesses (including small and medium-sized enterprises) grow, building capacity for clean and sustainable technologies and processes, increasing Canada's share of global trade, promoting tourism, and building an efficient and competitive marketplace. • The Industry Sector (IS) within ISED is the centre for the provision of advice on the government's industrial policy. IS houses economic and technological expertise and undertakes active and ongoing engagement with industry ...
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  • Évaluation régionale dans la zone du Cercle de feu 20 août 2025 Dossier de l'autorité fédérale Réponse demandée àregionalrof-cdfregionale@iaac-aeic.gc.ca avant le 12 septembre 2025 Dans vos réponses aux questions ci-dessous, veuillez inclure toute information pertinente sur les activités de consultation ou d'engagement associées avec les Autochtones, le public ou d'autres parties prenantes, et identifier tout partenaire ou collaboration. 1. MANDAT ET DOMAINES D'EXPERTISE Décrivez clairement le mandat de votre ministère ou organisme et précisez vos domaines de responsabilité ou d'expertise qui pourraient être liés à l'évaluation régionale. • Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada (ISDE) aide les entreprises canadiennes à croître, à innover et à se développer afin qu'elles puissent créer des emplois de qualité et de la richesse pour les Canadiens. Il soutient également la recherche scientifique et l'intégration des considérations scientifiques dans les choix d'investissement et les politiques. Le ministère s'efforce également de positionner le Canada comme un centre mondial d'innovation où les investissements soutiennent une croissance propre et inclusive, où la classe moyenne prospère grâce à davantage d'opportunités d'emploi et où les entreprises deviennent des leaders mondiaux. • Les efforts d'ISDE visent à améliorer les conditions d'investissement, à soutenir la science, à aider les entreprises (y compris les petites et moyennes entreprises) à croître, à renforcer les capacités en matière de technologies et de processus propres et durables, à accroître la part du Canada dans le commerce mondial, à promouvoir le tourisme et à créer un ...

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Attachment Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada – Response to the Requests to Federal Agencies and Departments – Package 1 / Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada - Réponse aux demandes aux agences et départements fédéraux – Groupe 1

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada/ Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada
  • Reference number: 220
  • Submitted: 2025-11-20 - 11:28 AM
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
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  • 1. Provide a list of initiatives relevant for the Ring of Fire Area a) Provide a list of the projects and initiatives in which you are involved in that relate to the Ring of Fire Assessment Area b) Explain if and how Indigenous Nations and communities in the Ring of Fire collaborated in these projects and initiatives. c) Would you be willing to give a public presentation about any of these initiatives to the working group, and if so which one? Response: • ISED does not currently have any engagements in the Ring of Fire Area, but recognizes the potential for critical minerals development in the region. We are aware that various companies are interested in business development in the region but to the best of our knowledge these projects are at the very early stages of development and have not so far engaged with ISED. 2. Priority Topics identified by the working group – Information and Gaps Referring to the priorities and issues listed in Table 3, based on your expertise, provide advice on: a) The best sources of existing data, including means to access it b) Adequate spatial and temporal boundaries to assess impacts c) Key indicators to describe potential impacts d) Known data gaps and uncertainties e) Suggestions for studies or other ways to fill those gaps Response: With regards to priority area “social and economic conditions, including immediate and long-term social and economic benefits” • In conducting project assessments ISED generally conducts market and risk assessments. For this purpose, a variety of data sources are used, some are publicly available and others are proprietary. Examples include: o S&P Global: Essential Intelligence | S&P Global o Project Blue Market ...
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  • 1. Fournissez une liste des initiatives pertinentes pour la région du Cercle de feu a) Fournissez une liste des projets et initiatives auxquels vous participez et qui concernent la zone d'évaluation du Cercle de feu. b) Expliquez si et comment les nations et communautés autochtones du Cercle de feu ont collaboré à ces projets et initiatives. c) Seriez-vous disposé à faire une présentation publique sur l'une de ces initiatives au groupe de travail, et si oui, laquelle ? Réponse : • ISDE n'a actuellement aucun engagement dans la région du Cercle de feu, mais reconnaît le potentiel de développement des minéraux essentiels dans cette région. Nous savons que diverses entreprises s'intéressent au développement commercial dans cette région, mais à notre connaissance, ces projets en sont à leurs tout débuts et n'ont pas encore fait l'objet d'une collaboration avec ISDE. 2. Thèmes prioritaires identifiés par le groupe de travail – Informations et lacunes En vous référant aux priorités et aux questions énumérées dans le tableau 3, et en vous appuyant sur votre expertise, veuillez fournir des conseils sur les points suivants : a) Les meilleures sources de données existantes, y compris les moyens d'y accéder b) Les limites spatiales et temporelles adéquates pour évaluer les impacts c) Les indicateurs clés pour décrire les impacts potentiels d) Les lacunes et incertitudes connues en matière de données e) Les suggestions d'études ou d'autres moyens de combler ces lacunes Réponse : En ce qui concerne le domaine prioritaire « conditions sociales et économiques, y compris les avantages sociaux et économiques immédiats et à long terme » • Lorsqu'il évalue des projets, ISDE procède généralement à des ...

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Attachment Submission from Birchbark Environmental Research Ltd., to the Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Daniel Campbell
  • Reference number: 211
  • Submitted: 2025-10-14 - 1:10 PM
  • My contribution is a bibliographic database that I produced with Line Rochefort from the Peatland Ecology Research Group at Université Laval on mitigation measures related to project developments in north peatlands.  
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  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area Assessment Priority: Healthy environment relationships Document Name Description Provide a general description of this information (title, topic, timeframe, geographic extent, purpose, etc.) Holder and Availability Who is/are the author(s) or owner(s)? To whom/ how is the information available? Format e.g.: databases, reports, shapefiles, oral communications, print (i.e. not digitized), etc. Limitations or Restrictions Is the information or data already public? Are there access or costs restrictions? Is it confidential? Is it Indigenous Knowledge? Campbell, D. and Rochefort, L. 2025. Wetland Mitigation Options for Project Developments in Far Northern Ontario: An Annotated Bibliography. Birchbark Environmental Research and Peatland Ecology Reseaerch Group, Université Laval. This bibliographic database and associated report was commissioned by ECCC CWS Ontario Region to assess the effects of development in the Ring of Fire region on migratory birds and species-at-risk and specifically on appropriate mitigation measures, following the mitigation hierarchy. Given the paucity of published data on this region, we prepared a database and report on the mitigation measures on northern peatlands and other wetlands. It was submited in March 2025 and the bibliographic database is updated as new publications are published. The goal is to keep it current and up-to- date. The database currently has almost 1,300 documents. I am the co-author, along with Line Rochefort, professeure, Départment de phytologie and Peat Ecology Research Group, Université Laval, Québec, QC. The information is publicly available. There is (i) ...

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Attachment Submission from Jay Gordon to the Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Jay Gordon
  • Reference number: 210
  • Submitted: 2025-10-10 - 3:42 PM
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
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  • Microbial Sulfur Oxidation in Mine Wastewaters by Jay Gordon A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Civil & Mineral Engineering University of Toronto © Copyright by Jay Gordon 2025 ii Microbial Sulfur Oxidation in Mine Wastewaters Jay Gordon Doctor of Philosophy Civil & Mineral Engineering University of Toronto 2025 Abstract Acid generation in mine wastewater is a problem wherever metal ore deposits contain sulfide mineral assemblages. This problem is due to sulfur oxidation intermediates (SOI), formed in the milling process, oxidizing in onsite tailings impoundments. The resulting acid generation must be treated before the water leaves site, or it will have negative environmental impacts. At the initiation of this thesis, SOI oxidation had been recently attributed to sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) genera such as Halothiobacillus, Thiomonas, Thiobacillus, Thiovirga, and Sulfurovum. Although linked to SOB, these acid generating processes were not yet explained by specific enzymatic mechanisms. In the literature, the sulfur metabolic enzymes are highly conserved. They fall into three pathways: the complete sulfur oxidation (cSOx) pathway, the incomplete sulfur oxidation (iSOx) plus reverse dissimilatory sulfur reduction (rDSR) pathway, and the tetrathionate intermediate (S4I) pathway. Additionally, some sulfur enzymes do not fall neatly into these categories, and other reactions may yet be discovered. We have yet to clarify which pathways are present in mine tailings impoundments, which conditions promote them, and – most critically – how much acid results. To fill this gap, I used ...

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Attachment Surveys of chemistry and biology of lakes and rivers in the far north of Ontario

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Laurentian University
  • Reference number: 205
  • Submitted: 2025-10-08 - 4:58 PM
  • Updated: 2025-10-15 - 8:11 AM
  • Rationale: Comment updated at the author's request
  • A large body of information exists for lakes and rivers in the far north of Ontario, including but not limited to the Ring of Fire area.  Publications are attached that summarize papers/reports /theses containing and discussing these data. Copies of individual publications can be provided on request.
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  • 1 Recent findings and publications from collaborations in the far north of Ontario – Climate Change and Multiple Stressor Aquatic Research Programme, Laurentian University. January 2019 Bill Keller (bkeller@laurentian.ca) and Chantal Sarrazin-Delay (csarrazindelay@laurentian.ca). o Lakes across the far north of Ontario differ greatly because of differences in the land, especially in the geology and topography. More southern lakes are on the rugged Canadian Shield and they sit on hard granite bedrock. The more northern lakes are on the Hudson Bay Lowlands in a much flatter landscape of soft limestone bedrock. The water chemistry characteristics were found to be generally different in lakes on the Shield compared to the Lowlands. However, in the area where the Shield and Lowlands meet near the “Ring of Fire”, there was no chemistry difference between the lakes. The thick cover of peat and materials (rocks, sand, gravel) deposited by glaciers in this area means that the water is less affected by the bedrock below. (MacLeod et al. 2017) o The water in far north lakes on the Canadian Shield had more calcium, magnesium and total phosphorus than near north Shield lakes (south of 50°N). In the far north, there is much limestone, formed at the bottom of large ancient lakes or dropped by melting glaciers. The minerals in the soft limestone dissolve giving the water more nutrients and ions than similar lakes further south. The water of the Hudson Bay Lowland lakes often had less dissolved minerals because the thick cover of peat separates the lake water from the rock. (MacLeod et al. 2017) C an ad ia n S h ie ld H u d so n B ay ...
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  • 1 Final Summary Report – Climate Change and Multiple Stressor Aquatic Research Programme W. Keller Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit Laurentian University 2019 2 Contents Page Introduction 3 Far North of Ontario 3 Background: 3 Some Recent Findings: 4 Far North Journal Publications: 7 Northeastern Ontario 8 Background: 8 Some Recent Findings: 9 Northeastern Ontario Journal Publications: 12 Conclusions and Recommendations 14 Far North of Ontario: 14 Northeastern Ontario: 14 Appendices 15 Appendix A. Abstracts of far north and northeastern Ontario journal papers. 16 Appendix B. Cover and contents of AAAR Special Issue. 34 Appendix C. List of far north study progress reports. 36 Appendix D. List of graduate student projects supported. 37 3 Introduction The Climate Change and Multiple Stressor Aquatic Research Programme at Laurentian University was created through the support of the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (now the Ontario Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks). The programme commenced in 2009 and extended through 2018. The overall objective was “To promote, facilitate and conduct aquatic research in the far north of Ontario in order to advance the scientific knowledge of the effects of multiple stressors on northern aquatic ecosystems”. This objective was addressed ...

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Attachment Submission from Wildlands League to the Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Wildlands League
  • Reference number: 201
  • Submitted: 2025-10-02 - 11:50 AM
  • Updated: 2025-10-29 - 9:01 AM
  • Rationale: Comment updated for administrative purposes
  • Participation notice: Public Notice - Call for Expert Supports Relevant to the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
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  • © RedDot3D Inc., 2025. For further information, contact info@reddot3d.com. BRIEFING NOTE Subject: Assessment of Ring of Fire and related technical consulting services Date: June 10, 2025 This briefing note summarizes feedback given to Anna Baggio of Wildlands League by Red- Dot3D Inc. (RD3D) about current discussions on development of the “Ring of Fire” in the Hudson Bay Lowlands of Northern Ontario. RD3D is a geological consulting company that has provided technical advice and assistance to governments, industry, NGOs and individuals. Its speciality is mineral resource estimation and the accompanying technical reports. RD3D staff have served as experts in litigation and ar- bitration, and have developed best practice guidelines for governments and for standards- development organizations like the ASTM. They have also been consulted by journalists devel- oping articles on the Ring of Fire. • The economic value of the Ring of Fire, de- scribed by some as “limitless”, is unknown be- cause there has been no comprehensive as- sessment of the combined value of the many mineral concessions in the region. • When billions of dollars are needed to de- velop mining projects, the approach taken by publicly-traded mining companies, and re- quired by regulators, is to develop public technical reports that move from exploration studies through estimates of in-the-ground resources and, ultimately, to feasibility stud- ies that document the reserves, which are the subset of in-the-ground resources that are technically and economically viable. • The most frequently referenced public tech- nical report on a Ring of Fire project is the 2012 Eagle’s Nest feasibility study. This study, now ...
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  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area Public Call for Information and Data As part of the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area, the Working Group leading the assessment is seeking information and data to support the meaningful conduct of the Regional Assessment. This work will focus on scenario development and community studies to better understand current and potential future effects of development in the Ring of Fire area. Context In February 2020, the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada (Minister) announced a regional assessment (RA) is to be completed, centered on the “Ring of Fire” area. An RA process was launched in January 2023, co-led by 15 First Nation Partners and the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (IAAC). For more information, please see: Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area. The Regional Assessment will: • gather information and data on the region; • understand potential effects from past, existing and future development in the Ring of Fire area, including cumulative and interactive effects; • inform future impact assessments; and • identify and provide recommendations on how the potential effects may best be managed to avoid adverse consequences, enhance positive ones and how this should happen. Assessment Priorities Assessment Priorities were identified by the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG) and represent key environmental, health, social, cultural and economic conditions that may be affected due to development activities and interacting cumulative effects. They reflect the priorities and values of First Nation Partners and the jurisdictions of the federal government, and include social, environmental, health, ...

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Attachment Submission from the Nature Conservancy of Canada to the Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Nature Conservancy of Canada
  • Reference number: 202
  • Submitted: 2025-09-30 - 1:57 PM
  • Participation notice: Public Notice - Call for Expert Supports Relevant to the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
  • Attachment included
  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area Public Call for Information and Data As part of the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area, the Working Group leading the assessment is seeking information and data to support the meaningful conduct of the Regional Assessment. This work will focus on scenario development and community studies to better understand current and potential future effects of development in the Ring of Fire area. Context In February 2020, the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada (Minister) announced a regional assessment (RA) is to be completed, centered on the “Ring of Fire” area. An RA process was launched in January 2023, co-led by 15 First Nation Partners and the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (IAAC). For more information, please see: Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area. The Regional Assessment will: • gather information and data on the region; • understand potential effects from past, existing and future development in the Ring of Fire area, including cumulative and interactive effects; • inform future impact assessments; and • identify and provide recommendations on how the potential effects may best be managed to avoid adverse consequences, enhance positive ones and how this should happen. Assessment Priorities Assessment Priorities were identified by the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG) and represent key environmental, health, social, cultural and economic conditions that may be affected due to development activities and interacting cumulative effects. They reflect the priorities and values of First Nation Partners and the jurisdictions of the federal government, and include social, environmental, health, ...
  • Attachment included
  • Healthy environment relationships National dataset. Critical Habitat for 261 of the 469 SAR of interest. ECCC 2022 https://open.canada.ca /data/en/dataset/47caa 405-be2b-4e9e-8f53- c478ade2ca74 Public Dataset Healthy environment relationships National dataset containing geographic range data for 488 SAR based on NatureServe data, SAR recovery strategies, ECCC resources and COSEWIC status reports. ECCC 2016 https://open.canada.ca /data/en/dataset/d00f8 e8c-40c4-435a-b790- 980339ce3121 Public Dataset Healthy environment relationships National dataset. IUCN Red list of threatened species. IUCN species ranges refined by altitude and landcover for amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles. IUCN https://prioritizr.github. io/aoh/reference/aoh.h tml Public Dataset Healthy environment relationships National dataset. Nationally endemic species for a 10x10 km grid. NCC and NatureServe Canada 2020 Dataset Data sharing agreement required. Healthy environment relationships National dataset. EO for Canadian Species of Conservation Concern at a 10x10 km grid, includes COSEWIC END, THR, SC. NatureServe and Atlantic Canada CDC 2015 Dataset Data sharing agreement required. Healthy environment relationships National dataset. Species distribution modeling. National scale distribution maps of approximately 1,500 species using publicly available species observation datasets from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Modelled using variety of environmental predictors variables (e.g., climate, landcover, proximity to water, topography, and the dynamic habitat index). Output includes continuous map showing the probability of suitable habitat for a particular species and a presences ...

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Attachment Joint Submission from Legal Advocates for Nature's Defense and Friends of the Attawapiskat River to the Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Legal Advocates for Nature's Defense and Friends of the Attawapiskat River Response
  • Reference number: 207
  • Submitted: 2025-09-30 - 12:11 PM
  • Participation notice: Public Notice - Call for Expert Supports Relevant to the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
  • Attachment included
  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area Impact Assessment Agency of Canada 160 Elgin Street, 22nd floor Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3 Sent via email: regionalrof-cdfregionale@iaac-aeic.gc.ca September 30, 2025 Re: Joint Submission from Legal Advocates for Nature’s Defence and the Friends of the Attawapiskat River in Response to the Call for Information and Data The following information and data is being provided jointly by Legal Advocates for Nature’s Defence (LAND) and the Friends of the Attawapiskat River (the Friends), both of whom are on the roster of Expert Supports and have been actively engaged in the Regional Assessment for the proposed Ring of Fire Area. We note that in providing this submission to the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (IAAC), the Friends are not speaking on behalf of any of the communities or its leadership where its members are based (including but not limited to Neskantaga, Peawanuck, Kashechewan, Attawapiskat, Moose Factory and Fort Albany First Nations), but rather sharing the views and concerns of the Indigenous grassroots. Furthermore, our comments do not constitute consultation in any way, nor discharge the Crown’s duty to consult per section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. In Appendix A, Michel Koostachin, founder of the Friends, has shared his knowledge and perspectives in regard to the four assessment priorities and potential impacts on environmental, health, social, cultural and economic conditions and on Indigenous rights and interests, as well as cultural considerations and customs that should be considered when conducting the RA. We ask that this Indigenous knowledge be respected by the IAAC. Below ...

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Attachment Submission from Dr. Dieleman to Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Catherine Dieleman
  • Reference number: 206
  • Submitted: 2025-09-29 - 3:59 PM
  • Participation notice: Public Notice - Call for Expert Supports Relevant to the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
  • Attachment included
  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area Public Call for Information and Data As part of the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area, the Working Group leading the assessment is seeking information and data to support the meaningful conduct of the Regional Assessment. This work will focus on scenario development and community studies to better understand current and potential future effects of development in the Ring of Fire area. Context In February 2020, the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada (Minister) announced a regional assessment (RA) is to be completed, centered on the “Ring of Fire” area. An RA process was launched in January 2023, co-led by 15 First Nation Partners and the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (IAAC). For more information, please see: Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area. The Regional Assessment will: • gather information and data on the region; • understand potential effects from past, existing and future development in the Ring of Fire area, including cumulative and interactive effects; • inform future impact assessments; and • identify and provide recommendations on how the potential effects may best be managed to avoid adverse consequences, enhance positive ones and how this should happen. Assessment Priorities Assessment Priorities were identified by the Regional Assessment Working Group (RAWG) and represent key environmental, health, social, cultural and economic conditions that may be affected due to development activities and interacting cumulative effects. They reflect the priorities and values of First Nation Partners and the jurisdictions of the federal government, and include social, environmental, health, ...

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Attachment WCS Canada response to Public Call for Information and Data

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Wildlife Conservation Society Canada
  • Reference number: 200
  • Submitted: 2025-09-29 - 3:22 PM
  • Participation notice: Public Notice - Call for Expert Supports Relevant to the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
  • Attachment included
  • Assessment Priority: Healthy environment relationships Description Holder and Availability Format Limitations or Restrictions Provide a general description of this information (title, topic, timeframe, geographic extent, purpose, etc.) Who is/are the author(s) or owner(s)? To whom/ how is the information available? E.g., databases, reports, shapefiles, oral communications, print (i.e. not digitized), etc. Is the information or data already public? Are there access or costs restrictions? Is it confidential? Is it Indigenous Knowledge? Bowman, J.E., J.C. Ray, A.J. Magoun, D.S. Johnson, and F.N. Dawson.  2010. Roads, logging, and the large mammal community of an eastern Canadian boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 88:454-467.   Paywalled, available through subscription/purchase, or on request from authors Peer-reviewed publication No restrictions Browne, D.R. (2007). Freshwater fish in Ontario's boreal: Status, conservation, and potential impacts of development. WCS Canada Conservation Report 2. Publicly available Report No restrictions Burton, C. A. & Chetkiewicz, C.B. (2021). Monitoring that matters: Towards effective ecological monitoring to address cumulative impacts on biodiversity. In (Eds.), Handbook of Cumulative Impact Assessment.   Paywalled, available through subscription/purchase, or on request from authors Book chapter No restrictions Carroll, C. & J.C. Ray. 2021. Maximizing the effectiveness of national commitments to protected area expansion for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem carbon under climate change. Global Change Biology DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15645.  Publicly available Peer-reviewed publication No restrictions • Biodiversity: Change in biodiversity • Water ...

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Attachment 2 Ring of Fire pubs

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of John Smol
  • Reference number: 199
  • Submitted: 2025-09-16 - 3:56 PM
  • Updated: 2025-10-29 - 10:15 AM
  • Rationale: Comment updated for administrative purposes
  • Participation notice: Public Notice - Call for Expert Supports Relevant to the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • A former student of mine, noted you were interested in Ring of Fire pubs.  I linked 2 from my lab that are published in international journals:   · Jeziorski, Adam & Keller, Bill & Dyer, Richard & Paterson, Andrew & Smol, John. (2015). Differences among modern-day and historical cladoceran communities from the “Ring of Fire” lake region of northern Ontario: Identifying responses to climate warming. Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie. 186. 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1127/fal/2015/0702    · Hargan, K.E., Nelligan, C., Jeziorski, A. et al. (2016). Tracking the long-term responses of diatoms and cladocerans to climate warming and human influences across lakes of the Ring of Fire in the Far North of Ontario, Canada. J Paleolimnol. 56, 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-016-9901-7   I have also attached an open-source PhD thesis (Diatoms_as_indicators_of_envir.pdf) which includes the data from these two papers.
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  • DIATOMS AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC CHANGE IN PEATLANDS AND LAKES LOCATED ACROSS THE BOREAL SHIELD AND HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS OF CANADA by Kathryn Elizabeth Hargan A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s  University Kingston, Ontario, Canada (December, 2014) Copyright © Kathryn Hargan, 2014 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 ProQuest 10155114 Published by ProQuest LLC (2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. ProQuest Number: 10155114 ii Abstract Long-term monitoring data and paleoecological records are lacking in the Far North of Ontario (~50- 57oN, 79-94oW), a region of ecological and economic significance to Canada. As a landscape covered by extensive peatland complexes, accumulating vegetation (and carbon) since de-glaciation, and tens of thousands of lakes, there is an opportunity to interpret past environmental changes from paleoecological records, and place current climatic and other environmental changes within a longer-term perspective. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap ...

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Attachment Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area - Call for Information and Data / Évaluation régionale dans la région du Cercle de feu - Appel de renseignements et de données

  • Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • Author: Administrator on behalf of Health Canada
  • Reference number: 196
  • Submitted: 2025-09-15 - 9:28 AM
  • Updated: 2025-11-18 - 8:46 AM
  • Rationale: Comment updated for administrative purposes
  • Participation notice: Public Notice - Call for Expert Supports Relevant to the Regional Assessment in the Ring of Fire Area
  • See the attached submission / Veuillez consulter la pièce jointe  
  • Attachment included
  • Unclassified / Non classifié Assessment Priority: To be well together (Community wellbeing) Submitted by: The Public Health Agency of Canada Contact: impactassessment-evaluationimpact@phac-aspc.gc.ca Description Holder and Availability Format Limitations or Restrictions The Health Inequalities Reporting Tool The Health Inequalities Data Tool is a free, public, web-based tool that contains data for over 160 indicators of health status and health determinants, stratified by a range of social and economic (i.e., social stratifiers) meaningful to health equity. The data tool provides a baseline assessment of health inequalities in Canada, by identifying where inequalities in health outcomes and determinants exist between subgroups of Canadians at the national and provincial/territorial level, and the magnitude of these inequalities. Overview of the Data Tool: https://health- infobase.canada.ca/health- inequalities/docs/Overview_2022.pdf The Data Tool can be accessed here: https://health-infobase.canada.ca/health- inequalities/ The Health Inequalities Data Tool was created by The Public Health Agency of Canada in collaboration with the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network, Statistics Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Information. The data tool is publicly available and can be accessed online. Contact: health.inequalities- inegalites.en.sante@phac- aspc.gc.ca The Data Tool is a web- based tool and can be accessed online: https://health- infobase.canada.ca/health- inequalities/ Users can extract, download and print data from the Data Tool. - Due to methodological limitations, the Data Tool contains health inequalities data at the national ...
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  • Non classifié/Unclassified Priorité d’évaluation : Être bien ensemble (Bien-être de la collectivité) Présenté par : Agence de la santé publique du Canada Contact : impactassessment-evaluationimpact@phac-aspc.gc.ca Description Détenteur et disponibilité Format Limitations ou restrictions Outil de données sur les inégalités en santé L’Outil de données sur les inégalités en santé est un outil en ligne public et gratuit qui contient des données sur plus de 160 indicateurs de l’état de santé et des déterminants de la santé, regroupés en fonction d’un ensemble de facteurs sociaux et économiques (variables de position sociale) ayant une incidence sur l’équité en santé. Il fournit une évaluation de base des inégalités en santé au Canada, en ciblant où existent des inégalités dans les résultats et déterminants en matière de santé entre les sous-groupes de Canadiens à l’échelle nationale et à l’échelle provinciale-territoriale, et en établissant l’ampleur de ces inégalités. Aperçu de l’Outil de données : https://sante- infobase.canada.ca/inegalites-en- sante/docs/Apercu_2023.pdf L’Outil de données est accessible ici : https://sante-infobase.canada.ca/inegalites-en- sante/index L’Outil de données sur les inégalités en santé a été créé par l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada en collaboration avec le Réseau pancanadien de santé publique, Statistique Canada et l’Institut canadien d’information sur la santé. L’Outil de données est accessible au public, en ligne. Contact : health.inequalities- inegalites.en.sante@phac- aspc.gc.ca L’Outil de données est un outil Web et est donc accessible en ligne : ...

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